INTERNET NETWORK

The Internet is a network of computers that can be categorized as a WAN, connecting millions of computers around the world, without borders, where every person who has a computer can join this network by simply connecting to the internet service provider (internet service provider / ISP) such as Telkom Speedy , or IndosatNet. The Internet can be translated as an international networking (international network), for connecting computers internationally, or as internetworking (network between networks) for network connecting millions around the world.

Internet began when the United States Department of Defense (Department of Defense, USA) built a computer network in 1969, which was named ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network) in order to connect multiple computers in several universities doing military research, particularly for building networks computer communication that is able to withstand nuclear attack. These networks continue to grow, more and more computers are involved, and the research side of software development is also growing. In May 1974, Vinton G. Cerf from Stanford University and Robert E. Kahn of the Department of Defense, USA, publishes a paper in IEEE Transactions on Communication entitled "A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication", the concept was later popular as TCP / IP protocol , when the ARPANET protocols adopt a standard protocol for ARPANET in 1983. The university, especially the University of California at Berkeley and then build the operating system of the Berkeley Software Distribution Unix) or BSD UNIX (known as the Free BSD Unix) and the department of defense finance Bolt Baranek and Newman (BBN) for the implementation of the protocol to TCP / IP in BSD Unix to be implemented on the ARPANET, the forerunner of the Internet thus formed.

At the end of 1983, the ARPANET network divided into DARPANET (Defence ARPANET) and MILNET (Military Network). In 1985 the network was established NFSNET (National Science Foundation Network) to connect a supercomputer that exist in various universities in America and is connected to the ARPANET. NSFNET network incrementally by university researchers. In 1988 the Internet backbone network is only a capacity of 56 Kbps. Although in 1990 the ARPANET officially closed, but the internet network that has formed forwarded by the university in the United States and enter a university network in the Americas (Canada and South America) and networks in Europe to be part of the internet. In 1992 the network backbone upgraded to T3 speed of 45 Mbps, and around 1995, increased again to OC-3 at a speed of 155 Mbps. Now high-speed Internet backbone in order Gbps.

Internet Topology is basically a mesh-topology, connecting many types of networks via packet-switching systems, even if it can be said that the center of its are several NAP (Network Access Point) in San Francisco (Pacific Bell), Chicago (Ameritech) , New Jersey (Sprint), and Merit Access Exchange (MAE) in San Francisco (MAE West) and Washington, DC (MAE East) is handled by MFS Datanet.

Although there is no organization that has internet, but there are many organizations that maintain these networks through the establishment of standardized protocols, rules, and access methods. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to handle technical issues that arise on the Internet, such as problems in the protocols, architecture and operation of the Internet. Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) deal with technical research, such as addressing and other engineering systems. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) controls the distribution of IP address (IP #) to various countries and organizations. Internet Society (ISOC) deal with administrative and organizational structure of the Internet.

Commercial enterprises and provide access to services by providing a connection from a user's computer to the internet, and this body is called Internet access provider or ISP. Some well-known ISP in the world is America On Line (AOL), Australia OnLine, CompuServe, Genie, and Prodigy. In Indonesia there are TelkomNet, IndosatNet, Wasantara Net, InterNux, and so forth. ISP providing dial-up connection via modem, telephone, wireless connection through WLAN antenna, or ADSL connection via telephone. Connection protocol used is SLIP (Serial Line Interface Protocol) or PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol), which SLIP connection is usually slower than the PPP.

Internet network logically divided into multiple domains, which according to the standard IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) is identified through the IP number of 32 bits or 4 binary digits separated by dots (eg 192.168.10.25). Standard domain types include:

• Com = commercial organization
• Edu = educational institution in America
• Ac = academic institutions
• Gov = government agency
• Mil = military organization
• Net = network access provider
• Org = non-profit organization

Besides domain is also divided by country, for example:

• Au = Australia
• Ca = Canada
• Id = Indonesia
• Jp = Japan
• My = Malaysia
• Sw = Sweden
• Th = Thailand

For example Alauddin State Islamic University to have addresses uin-alauddin.ac.id as one of the academic institutions in Indonesia, as the network access provider, Indosat has indosat.net.id address code, and so forth.